http://www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone/otherpub/wfendt/refraction.htm
http://www.lon-capa.org/~mmp/kap25/Snell/app.htm
What ray can you vary?
What is the law of reflection?
What is refraction (Compared to reflection)?
How much does the material effect refraction?
Wednesday, September 16, 2009
Wednesday, September 2, 2009
Monday, August 31, 2009
Sunday, August 23, 2009
Revision Chemistry MC Answer 2
The correct formulae for nitric acid is
Nitric implies the a Nitrogen atom involved.
Acid are ionic compounds, where H+ is acting as a metal. The proton gets detached and floats around in solution. Acids are identified if they begin with a H. (exception is Water H20 and Peroxide H202 which arent acids)
a) NH3
This is the formula for ammonia gas, when it dissolves in your nasal mucus it is a strong irritant.
b) H2CO3
This is the formula for Carbolic Acid, it is basically made when CO2 dissolves in water H2O by sticking to water. It is commonly found in coke. It is an acid and the H+ and CO3-- ions separate when put in water , just like a salt, only we call H+ an acid.The H in the front as tells you it is an acid.
c) N2
THis is formula for Nitrogen gas, and makes up 80% of the air we breath.
d) HNO3
This is the formula for nitric acid. The H in the front as tells you it is an acid.
Nitric implies the a Nitrogen atom involved.
Acid are ionic compounds, where H+ is acting as a metal. The proton gets detached and floats around in solution. Acids are identified if they begin with a H. (exception is Water H20 and Peroxide H202 which arent acids)
a) NH3
This is the formula for ammonia gas, when it dissolves in your nasal mucus it is a strong irritant.
b) H2CO3
This is the formula for Carbolic Acid, it is basically made when CO2 dissolves in water H2O by sticking to water. It is commonly found in coke. It is an acid and the H+ and CO3-- ions separate when put in water , just like a salt, only we call H+ an acid.The H in the front as tells you it is an acid.
c) N2
THis is formula for Nitrogen gas, and makes up 80% of the air we breath.
d) HNO3
This is the formula for nitric acid. The H in the front as tells you it is an acid.
Revision Chemistry MC Answer 1
Exothermic, like extrovert, means gives out heat (Thermic). Endothermic means taking in or absorbin heat
An exothermic reaction (can):
a) Releases heat
Heat is the total vibration energy of all the particles in a solid. In general this is true, however you can get a reaction that liberates pure light and no heat.
b) Liberates Energy
This means that chemical potential energy stored through the arrangement of atoms is reduced and converted to other forms of energy.
c) Produces and increase in temperature of the surroundings
In general this is true you can measure an exothermic reaction produces a rise in temperature. The exception would be say the generation of steam from liquid water, here the temperature of stays the same.
d) all of the above
In general all of the above answers are correct.
An exothermic reaction (can):
a) Releases heat
Heat is the total vibration energy of all the particles in a solid. In general this is true, however you can get a reaction that liberates pure light and no heat.
b) Liberates Energy
This means that chemical potential energy stored through the arrangement of atoms is reduced and converted to other forms of energy.
c) Produces and increase in temperature of the surroundings
In general this is true you can measure an exothermic reaction produces a rise in temperature. The exception would be say the generation of steam from liquid water, here the temperature of stays the same.
d) all of the above
In general all of the above answers are correct.
Revision Chemistry MC Question 1
This is from the 2007 midyear
An exothermic reaction:
a) Releases heat
b) Liberates Energy
c) produces and increase in temperature of the surroundings
d) all of the above
An exothermic reaction:
a) Releases heat
b) Liberates Energy
c) produces and increase in temperature of the surroundings
d) all of the above
Saturday, August 22, 2009
Evolution Revision
Questions
Revision Evolution MC Question 1
Revision Evolution MC Question 2
Revision Evolution MC Question 3/4
Revision Evolution MC Question 5
Revision Evolution MC Question 6
Evolution Revision MC Question 7
Revision Evolution MC Question 8
Answers
Revision Evolution MC Answer 1
Revision Evolution MC Answer 2
Revision Evolution MC Answer 3/4
Revision Evolution MC Answer 5
Revision Evolution MC Answer 6
Revision Evolution MC Answer 8
Revision Evolution MC Question 9
Revision Evolution MC Question 1
Revision Evolution MC Question 2
Revision Evolution MC Question 3/4
Revision Evolution MC Question 5
Revision Evolution MC Question 6
Evolution Revision MC Question 7
Revision Evolution MC Question 8
Answers
Revision Evolution MC Answer 1
Revision Evolution MC Answer 2
Revision Evolution MC Answer 3/4
Revision Evolution MC Answer 5
Revision Evolution MC Answer 6
Revision Evolution MC Answer 8
Revision Evolution MC Question 9
Revision Evolution MC Question 9
Revision Evolution MC Question 9
The theory of Evolution States that all living things developed form simpler organisms.
Why is Evolution called a Theory
a) there is no evidence for the idea
b) Scientist can not agree about the idea
c) the idea is not open to doubt of arguemnet
d) sceientis may modify hte idea as they gather more evidence
The theory of Evolution States that all living things developed form simpler organisms.
Why is Evolution called a Theory
a) there is no evidence for the idea
b) Scientist can not agree about the idea
c) the idea is not open to doubt of arguemnet
d) sceientis may modify hte idea as they gather more evidence
Revision Evolution MC Answer 8
Revision Evolution MC Answer 8
Stramatolites, and acinent cyanobacteria that have surivited inte Shark Bay in Western Australia, are very similar to those found as fossil remains dateing back millions of years. Why have thes ancient forms remained unchanged for so long?
a)The stromatolites are able to adapt to any environment
This untrue as any environment would mean air and land, also to survive they have to outcompete other organisms that have access to the same resources.
b)The environment has not changed significantly over time.
This is the best answer, it means that if the enviroment has not changed, the organism has not had to change
c) the stromatolites have not been able to undergo mutations
Mutations and sex drives variation. This organism may have created many new species, just the one most similar to the ancient one is living in the similar organism
d) the stramatolites are not able to adapt to a changing environment
This is would explain why they are not wide spread, but it does not explain why they have survived for millions (billions of years)
This video suggests that they are in all environments as something else, and when the enviroment is right they get going.
Stramatolites, and acinent cyanobacteria that have surivited inte Shark Bay in Western Australia, are very similar to those found as fossil remains dateing back millions of years. Why have thes ancient forms remained unchanged for so long?
a)The stromatolites are able to adapt to any environment
This untrue as any environment would mean air and land, also to survive they have to outcompete other organisms that have access to the same resources.
b)The environment has not changed significantly over time.
This is the best answer, it means that if the enviroment has not changed, the organism has not had to change
c) the stromatolites have not been able to undergo mutations
Mutations and sex drives variation. This organism may have created many new species, just the one most similar to the ancient one is living in the similar organism
d) the stramatolites are not able to adapt to a changing environment
This is would explain why they are not wide spread, but it does not explain why they have survived for millions (billions of years)
This video suggests that they are in all environments as something else, and when the enviroment is right they get going.
Revision Evolution MC Question 8
Revision Evolution MC Question 8
Stramatolites, and acinent cyanobacteria that have surivited inte Shark Bay in Western Australia, are very similar to those found as fossil remains dateing back millions of years. Why have thes ancient forms remained unchanged for so long?
a)the stromatolites are able to adapta to any environment
b)The environment has not changed significantly over time
c) the stromatolites have note been able to undergo mutations
d) the stramatolites are not abele to adapt to a changing environment
Stramatolites, and acinent cyanobacteria that have surivited inte Shark Bay in Western Australia, are very similar to those found as fossil remains dateing back millions of years. Why have thes ancient forms remained unchanged for so long?
a)the stromatolites are able to adapta to any environment
b)The environment has not changed significantly over time
c) the stromatolites have note been able to undergo mutations
d) the stramatolites are not abele to adapt to a changing environment
Revision Evolution MC Answer 6
Revision Evolution MC Answer 6
This is from 2007 Year 10 midyear
Natural Selecion is a mechanism used by Charles Darwin to desceribe Evolution: this has sometimes been referred to as "survival of the fittest". What does the term refer to?
a) the fittest is the best camouflaged
Camouflage means colour or shape that make it hard for a preditor or potential prey (in the case of a tiger) to distinguish the animal from the surroundings.
b) the fittest can survivre anywhere
This means live in all places, air, water, soil tropics, beaches, suburbia.
c) the fittest produces the most offspring
If these offspring then live to reproductive ages, then this would mean that they would dominate. Producing offspring, comes at a cost to the mother. If a cat has 20 kittens a litter, and 17 die, it is not as well off a cat that produce 5 viable kittens.
d) the fittest is the most adaptable to its surrounding
This generally means that the organism has more possiblity and capablity of producing offspring that are themselves able to flourish and reproduce.
This is from 2007 Year 10 midyear
Natural Selecion is a mechanism used by Charles Darwin to desceribe Evolution: this has sometimes been referred to as "survival of the fittest". What does the term refer to?
a) the fittest is the best camouflaged
Camouflage means colour or shape that make it hard for a preditor or potential prey (in the case of a tiger) to distinguish the animal from the surroundings.
b) the fittest can survivre anywhere
This means live in all places, air, water, soil tropics, beaches, suburbia.
c) the fittest produces the most offspring
If these offspring then live to reproductive ages, then this would mean that they would dominate. Producing offspring, comes at a cost to the mother. If a cat has 20 kittens a litter, and 17 die, it is not as well off a cat that produce 5 viable kittens.
d) the fittest is the most adaptable to its surrounding
This generally means that the organism has more possiblity and capablity of producing offspring that are themselves able to flourish and reproduce.
Revision Evolution MC Question 6
Revision Evolution MC Question 6
This is from 2007 Year 10 midyear
Nature Seleciont is a mechanism used by Charles Darwin to desceribe Evolution: this has sometimes been referred to as "survival of the fittest". What does the term refer to?
a) the fittest is the best camouflaged
b) the fittest can survivre anywhere
c) the fittest produces the most offspring
d) the fitteest is the most adaptable to its surroundings.
This is from 2007 Year 10 midyear
Nature Seleciont is a mechanism used by Charles Darwin to desceribe Evolution: this has sometimes been referred to as "survival of the fittest". What does the term refer to?
a) the fittest is the best camouflaged
b) the fittest can survivre anywhere
c) the fittest produces the most offspring
d) the fitteest is the most adaptable to its surroundings.
Revision Evolution MC Answer 5
Revision Evolution MC Answer 5
Taken from 2007 midyear
The five steps of Darwin's theory of evolution by means of matureal selection can be summaried as follows:
- There is variation in every population.
- Organsims must competer for limite resources
- Organisms have more offspring than can survice.
- Organisms with themost beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Organisms pass beneficial traits on to their offsprin..
Of the steps describing Dariwn's Theory of Evolution which of the steps listed below would indicate that there would be an increase in the population if there is abundance or food avaliable.
a) There is variation in every population
Variation means that each individual will be different. This arrises due to mixing of the genes and traits of the mother and father. You will note that brothers and sisters of the same parents are different because each egg and sperm mix in a different way. There is also mutations or random variation in genes. The most commonly suggested way people think off is due to radiation, however long term studies of the survivors of Hiroshima show that deterioration of male sperm with age is the major factor causing mutations. It is not surprising that 25% of human conceptions end in miscarrage of a embryo that is not viable
b) organisms must compete for limited resources
Abundant food means less competition.
c) organsims have more off spring that can survive
This means that 2 adults, produce more that 2 to replace them. For example 2 makes 4 makes 8 make 16 etc. This drives the population upto the maximum that the enviroment can support.
d) organisms with the most beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
This is key to driving the emphasis of traits in a population
Taken from 2007 midyear
The five steps of Darwin's theory of evolution by means of matureal selection can be summaried as follows:
- There is variation in every population.
- Organsims must competer for limite resources
- Organisms have more offspring than can survice.
- Organisms with themost beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Organisms pass beneficial traits on to their offsprin..
Of the steps describing Dariwn's Theory of Evolution which of the steps listed below would indicate that there would be an increase in the population if there is abundance or food avaliable.
a) There is variation in every population
Variation means that each individual will be different. This arrises due to mixing of the genes and traits of the mother and father. You will note that brothers and sisters of the same parents are different because each egg and sperm mix in a different way. There is also mutations or random variation in genes. The most commonly suggested way people think off is due to radiation, however long term studies of the survivors of Hiroshima show that deterioration of male sperm with age is the major factor causing mutations. It is not surprising that 25% of human conceptions end in miscarrage of a embryo that is not viable
b) organisms must compete for limited resources
Abundant food means less competition.
c) organsims have more off spring that can survive
This means that 2 adults, produce more that 2 to replace them. For example 2 makes 4 makes 8 make 16 etc. This drives the population upto the maximum that the enviroment can support.
d) organisms with the most beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
This is key to driving the emphasis of traits in a population
Revision Evolution MC Question 5
Revision Evolution MC Question 5
Taken from 2007 midyear
The five steps of Darwin's theory of evolution by means of matureal selection can be summaried as follows:
- There is variation in every population.
- Organsims must competer for limite resources
- Organisms have more offspring than can survice.
- Organisms with themost beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Organisms pass beneficial traits on to their offsprin..
Of the steps describing Dariwn's Theory of Evolution which of the steps listed below would indicate that there would be an increase in the population if there is abundance or food avaliable.
a) There is variation in every popuation
b) organisms must compete for limited resources
c) organsims have more off spring that can survive
d) organisms wiht the most beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Taken from 2007 midyear
The five steps of Darwin's theory of evolution by means of matureal selection can be summaried as follows:
- There is variation in every population.
- Organsims must competer for limite resources
- Organisms have more offspring than can survice.
- Organisms with themost beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Organisms pass beneficial traits on to their offsprin..
Of the steps describing Dariwn's Theory of Evolution which of the steps listed below would indicate that there would be an increase in the population if there is abundance or food avaliable.
a) There is variation in every popuation
b) organisms must compete for limited resources
c) organsims have more off spring that can survive
d) organisms wiht the most beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Revision Evolution MC Answer 3/4
Revision Evolution MC Answer 3/4
Good link http://click4biology.info/c4b/5/eco5.4.htm
The evidence in the diagram is an example of:
a) Biochemistry
Bio chemistry is looking at the chemicals that make up living organisms, and the chemical reations used as they live. In evolution, biochemical reactions have changed as the environment changed.
b) Bio geography
Biogeography looks at the influence of geographic areas, the enviroment in that area. We have tropical fish near the equator, and Polar bears at the poles. Animals in certain places become isolated and cut off as continents separate. The unique marsupials of Australia have evolved in isolation to the placental animals of other continents.
c) Comparative anatomy
This is correct answer, the same basic blue print has been adapted to different evolutionary needs. Anatomy is the science of looking at body parts.
d) Comparative embryology
Embryology means looking at the embryo, or egg that has just been fertilized and is transitioning from a ball of cells to the final organism. All embryo look very similar in the first weeks after being fertilized with sperm
Each of the limbs show the same basic pattern. This has been caused by:
a) adaptations to similar environments
This is not the correct answer. Mans upper limb hand has evolved from times spent swinging in trees, while birds have used the same basic design to fly with
b) All the vertebrates belonging to the same species
This is incorrect. Vertebrate means having a backbone. Fish, birds, amphibians, Mammals and Reptiles all have backbones, and with in these groups there are many species.
c) evolution from a common ancestor
Indeed there are fossil fish that have crawled on land and the basic design has been adapted to different purposes.
d) adaptation to the same basic function.
Adaptation is the modification of a trait through variation down the generations. A basic funtion would mean walking, while another would be flying ie not the same
Good link http://click4biology.info/c4b/5/eco5.4.htm
The evidence in the diagram is an example of:
a) Biochemistry
Bio chemistry is looking at the chemicals that make up living organisms, and the chemical reations used as they live. In evolution, biochemical reactions have changed as the environment changed.
b) Bio geography
Biogeography looks at the influence of geographic areas, the enviroment in that area. We have tropical fish near the equator, and Polar bears at the poles. Animals in certain places become isolated and cut off as continents separate. The unique marsupials of Australia have evolved in isolation to the placental animals of other continents.
c) Comparative anatomy
This is correct answer, the same basic blue print has been adapted to different evolutionary needs. Anatomy is the science of looking at body parts.
d) Comparative embryology
Embryology means looking at the embryo, or egg that has just been fertilized and is transitioning from a ball of cells to the final organism. All embryo look very similar in the first weeks after being fertilized with sperm
Each of the limbs show the same basic pattern. This has been caused by:
a) adaptations to similar environments
This is not the correct answer. Mans upper limb hand has evolved from times spent swinging in trees, while birds have used the same basic design to fly with
b) All the vertebrates belonging to the same species
This is incorrect. Vertebrate means having a backbone. Fish, birds, amphibians, Mammals and Reptiles all have backbones, and with in these groups there are many species.
c) evolution from a common ancestor
Indeed there are fossil fish that have crawled on land and the basic design has been adapted to different purposes.
d) adaptation to the same basic function.
Adaptation is the modification of a trait through variation down the generations. A basic funtion would mean walking, while another would be flying ie not the same
Revision Evolution MC Question 3/4
Revision Evolution MC Question 3/4
The evidence in the diagram is an example of:
a) Biochemistry
b) Bio geography
c) Comparative anatomy
d) Comparative embryology
Each of the limbs show the same basic pattern. This has been caused by:
a) adaptations to similar environments
b) All the vertebrates belonging to the same species
c) evolution form a common ancestor
d) adaptation to the same basic function.
Revision Evolution MC Answer 2
The study of fossils provides information which helps us to-
a) show how individual organisms change over time.
This is a trick question. An individual organism, for example could be you. The fossil record show organisms male, female, and of all ages. The age of the individual can be deduced from growth rings in the bone. This can placed into a series of fossile to reconstruct the development of a particular species over time.
b) explain the mechanism of natural selection
The mechanism of natural selection involves selecting charateristics traits in a population, that then become more common down the generations. The selection can be by preditors, some feature that means the organism is more healthy, or by selection by mates. This is the least likely answer, as this mostly requires exploration of the complete environment.
c) trace the ancestry of certain organisms
This is the best answer. When we dig up a fossil it will have features that have carried forward into future generations. This allows the ancestry or family tree to be traced.
d) demonstrate the origin of life
Demostrate means show how life began. At the moment scientist only have theories or guesses, that life emerged from a chemical soup that existed in ancient earth
a) show how individual organisms change over time.
This is a trick question. An individual organism, for example could be you. The fossil record show organisms male, female, and of all ages. The age of the individual can be deduced from growth rings in the bone. This can placed into a series of fossile to reconstruct the development of a particular species over time.
b) explain the mechanism of natural selection
The mechanism of natural selection involves selecting charateristics traits in a population, that then become more common down the generations. The selection can be by preditors, some feature that means the organism is more healthy, or by selection by mates. This is the least likely answer, as this mostly requires exploration of the complete environment.
c) trace the ancestry of certain organisms
This is the best answer. When we dig up a fossil it will have features that have carried forward into future generations. This allows the ancestry or family tree to be traced.
d) demonstrate the origin of life
Demostrate means show how life began. At the moment scientist only have theories or guesses, that life emerged from a chemical soup that existed in ancient earth
Revision Evolution MC Question 2
Revision Evolution MC Question 2
The study of fossils provides information which helps us to-
a) show how individual organisms change over time
b) explain the mechanism of natural selection
c) trace the ancestry of certain organisms
d) demonstrate the origin of life
Question taken 2007 year 10 half yearly
The study of fossils provides information which helps us to-
a) show how individual organisms change over time
b) explain the mechanism of natural selection
c) trace the ancestry of certain organisms
d) demonstrate the origin of life
Question taken 2007 year 10 half yearly
Revision Evolution MC Answer 1
Animals condisered to be of the same species:
a) can interbreed to for fertile offspring
This is the definition of a species. Interbreed means not just reproduce like male and female labradore dogs, it means a labradore and grey hound, these are from different breeds, but their offspring mongrels will still be feritle. A lion and tiger will produce a liger that is infertile.
b) live in the same area
This is not the definition of species, humans are one example of a species that live in different areas. When a species occupies an isolated area and there is no mating outside, evolution will sellect characteristics such that over a very long time a new speices emerges.
c) look alike
This is not the defintion of species. In humans, peacocks, bower birds the male and females do not look similar.
d) all of the above
As c) and d) are excluded it can not be all of the above
a) can interbreed to for fertile offspring
This is the definition of a species. Interbreed means not just reproduce like male and female labradore dogs, it means a labradore and grey hound, these are from different breeds, but their offspring mongrels will still be feritle. A lion and tiger will produce a liger that is infertile.
b) live in the same area
This is not the definition of species, humans are one example of a species that live in different areas. When a species occupies an isolated area and there is no mating outside, evolution will sellect characteristics such that over a very long time a new speices emerges.
c) look alike
This is not the defintion of species. In humans, peacocks, bower birds the male and females do not look similar.
d) all of the above
As c) and d) are excluded it can not be all of the above
Revision Evolution MC Question 1
Animals condiser to be of the same species:
a) can interbreed to for fertile offspring
b) live in the same area
c) look alike
d) all of the above
a) can interbreed to for fertile offspring
b) live in the same area
c) look alike
d) all of the above
Thursday, July 30, 2009
Tuesday, July 14, 2009
Evolution Experiment
A start population 120 coloured tooth picks. Consisting of 6 colours of 20 sticks each.
The 120 were dispersed over a 15 x15 m area.
Two student preditors collected 10 sticks each.
From the kills the field population was calculated.
The field number divided by 5, was the number off spring that were generated and added and distributed to the field population.
In the sequence
Species - Sticks
Trait - Colour
Variation - Yellow, Orange, Red, Blue, Green,Purple
Selection - Not being Predated
Reproduction
Evolution.
We had predation out strip replacement due to over efficient predation.
The photo shows the final population after 7 seasons, havested from the field.
Waves Topic Test Skills
Questions were analysed from the topic test
Analysis of a particle motion as transverse wave passes
Identify apparent bending of waves in diffraction.
Frequency ranges of devices on a frequency chart.
Analysis of f-stop , intensity inverse square law
Superposition of waves and interference.
Field of view of eyes
Amplitude and wavelength - definition
Addition of primary and secondary colours
The formation of images inverted, enlarged or reduced by lenses.
Relationship between amplitude and volume pitch and frequency of sound waves
Sound absorbtion and echo
Cones and rods and eye vision
Refleciton , Diffusing , Opaque Transulscent Trasparent
Nature of mirrors reflections
Spectral filters - Transmission spectrum graphs - Colours and spectrum
Construction of microscopes
Use of Echoes to locate surfaces.
Analysis of a particle motion as transverse wave passes
Identify apparent bending of waves in diffraction.
Frequency ranges of devices on a frequency chart.
Analysis of f-stop , intensity inverse square law
Superposition of waves and interference.
Field of view of eyes
Amplitude and wavelength - definition
Addition of primary and secondary colours
The formation of images inverted, enlarged or reduced by lenses.
Relationship between amplitude and volume pitch and frequency of sound waves
Sound absorbtion and echo
Cones and rods and eye vision
Refleciton , Diffusing , Opaque Transulscent Trasparent
Nature of mirrors reflections
Spectral filters - Transmission spectrum graphs - Colours and spectrum
Construction of microscopes
Use of Echoes to locate surfaces.
Waves Student Outcomes
Students Outcomes
1 identify that waves carry energy and not matter.
2 observe and draw longitudinal and transverse waves as seen in springs, ropes and the slow wave model machine
3. observe and feel sound waves in tuning forks and speakers.
4.compare a compression and a rarefaction.
5. perform an investigation which demonstrates that sound waves travel slower than light
6. observe and explain the phenomenon of beats.
7. listen to an electric bell ringing in an evacuated Bell Jar and explain the result.
8. Listen to sounds travelling through metal rods and wooden blocks and compare the speed of sound to that in air
9. Use spectroscopes to observe the visible spectrum and compare it to that given out a fluorescent tubes
10 list the colours of the visible spectrum and outline what makes them different
11 use the primary colours for addition of light to form the secondary colours
12. explain what the shape of shadows tells us about light.
13. label the following components of a transverse wave - crest/trough – wavelength/amplitude
14 observe and contrast incandescence,luminescence, fluorescence
15 use the light meter to measure and graph the intensity of light at various distances from a point sources. Explain an inverse square law.
16. list the main components and properties of the electromagnetic spectrum and a sources of and effect/use of each type.
17 experimentally verify the Law of Reflection.
18 determine refractive index RI of and interface and explain why refraction occurs
19 observe Total Internal Reflection in either
- Twisted perspex rod
- Pouring water spout
- Optic fiber
- Glass or perspex slab
20 account for the dispersion of a light beam in a prism
21 Distinguish between absorption, reflection, refraction and scattering o light and identify everyday situation where each occurs.
22 distinguish between magnification and resolution by observing a colour magazine photo through a microscope.
23 explain how different objects have different colours
Realize that all emr travel at the same speed 3E8 v=fLambda
25. for two difference types of EMR list material for which they are transparent/opaque mention translucent.
26. give two examples of the way EMR is used in Technology and explain how tat least one of the mas contributed to the development of science.
1 identify that waves carry energy and not matter.
2 observe and draw longitudinal and transverse waves as seen in springs, ropes and the slow wave model machine
3. observe and feel sound waves in tuning forks and speakers.
4.compare a compression and a rarefaction.
5. perform an investigation which demonstrates that sound waves travel slower than light
6. observe and explain the phenomenon of beats.
7. listen to an electric bell ringing in an evacuated Bell Jar and explain the result.
8. Listen to sounds travelling through metal rods and wooden blocks and compare the speed of sound to that in air
9. Use spectroscopes to observe the visible spectrum and compare it to that given out a fluorescent tubes
10 list the colours of the visible spectrum and outline what makes them different
11 use the primary colours for addition of light to form the secondary colours
12. explain what the shape of shadows tells us about light.
13. label the following components of a transverse wave - crest/trough – wavelength/amplitude
14 observe and contrast incandescence,luminescence, fluorescence
15 use the light meter to measure and graph the intensity of light at various distances from a point sources. Explain an inverse square law.
16. list the main components and properties of the electromagnetic spectrum and a sources of and effect/use of each type.
17 experimentally verify the Law of Reflection.
18 determine refractive index RI of and interface and explain why refraction occurs
19 observe Total Internal Reflection in either
- Twisted perspex rod
- Pouring water spout
- Optic fiber
- Glass or perspex slab
20 account for the dispersion of a light beam in a prism
21 Distinguish between absorption, reflection, refraction and scattering o light and identify everyday situation where each occurs.
22 distinguish between magnification and resolution by observing a colour magazine photo through a microscope.
23 explain how different objects have different colours
Realize that all emr travel at the same speed 3E8 v=fLambda
25. for two difference types of EMR list material for which they are transparent/opaque mention translucent.
26. give two examples of the way EMR is used in Technology and explain how tat least one of the mas contributed to the development of science.
Monday, July 13, 2009
Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Monday, July 6, 2009
Homework
1. Define "Species" from your notes
2. Define "Species" from the internet.
3. Give and example of variation of trait within a species
4. Watch this video and report the Species, trait, variation, selection
5. Define "Biodiversity" and investigate how have many species is good for Evolution.
6. What practical way can you help improve biodiversiy.
7. What is a fossil, and find out how you can tell how old it is was.
2. Define "Species" from the internet.
3. Give and example of variation of trait within a species
4. Watch this video and report the Species, trait, variation, selection
5. Define "Biodiversity" and investigate how have many species is good for Evolution.
6. What practical way can you help improve biodiversiy.
7. What is a fossil, and find out how you can tell how old it is was.
Saturday, June 20, 2009
Evolution the movie and what happened on Earth
The movie has two interesting "Block Buster" fixes.
One is an incredible rate of evolution. There was an incredible rate in the Cambrium Period. This was 550 mybp.
Two the life forms find oxygen toxic,this was also true for all the life forms that existed before photosynthesis.
Tuesday, June 16, 2009
Monday, June 15, 2009
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Sunday, June 7, 2009
Homework Register
2. (Due 22/6 - 3/7) Evolution Assignment All work must have your and partners name on it.
1. (Due 11/6) View ABC on Darwin and write Title, Time viewed, Topic discussed, Main point of each video. Enter your work on Moodle.
Thursday, June 4, 2009
Tuesday, June 2, 2009
New Topic Evolution
Topic Outcomes
1. give the definition of "Species"
2. Give and example of variation with in species
3. give a rough figure for the number of different species of living things which exist on present day Earth
4. rough figure for Austral
5. Give one reason why it is important to try to conserve biodiversity
6.give one practical suggestion concerning something a school student could do to help preserve biodiversity in Australia
7. draw simple conslusion as about the past from observations made of a rock and/or fossil in the present
8. explain how a fossil can form
9. describe why scientists believe that life on earth has not always been the same
10 arrange rock strata in order of geological age given the types of living things found fossilised in each rock and a suitable key
11.give a selection of reasons why a plant or animal may become extinct.
12.give and example of a plant or animal which lived in Australia in the past. which has become extinct.
13. describe one way in which scientist are able to estimate how old a fossil is.
14 describe why the fossil record of life on earth could lead to the suggestion that life forms have evolved over time.
15. Describe the way in which Lamarck suggested living things may have changed over time including mention of evidence which showed his theory was not valid.
16. Explain what Darwin meant by "natural selection' and the way he suggested it could have lead to the evolving or changing of life forms on earth over time
17. describe at least two pieces of evidence which lead Darwin to suggest his theory of evolution by natural selection.
18. explain how Darwin's theory of evolution has been modified with the advent of modern theories about genetics.
1. give the definition of "Species"
2. Give and example of variation with in species
3. give a rough figure for the number of different species of living things which exist on present day Earth
4. rough figure for Austral
5. Give one reason why it is important to try to conserve biodiversity
6.give one practical suggestion concerning something a school student could do to help preserve biodiversity in Australia
7. draw simple conslusion as about the past from observations made of a rock and/or fossil in the present
8. explain how a fossil can form
9. describe why scientists believe that life on earth has not always been the same
10 arrange rock strata in order of geological age given the types of living things found fossilised in each rock and a suitable key
11.give a selection of reasons why a plant or animal may become extinct.
12.give and example of a plant or animal which lived in Australia in the past. which has become extinct.
13. describe one way in which scientist are able to estimate how old a fossil is.
14 describe why the fossil record of life on earth could lead to the suggestion that life forms have evolved over time.
15. Describe the way in which Lamarck suggested living things may have changed over time including mention of evidence which showed his theory was not valid.
16. Explain what Darwin meant by "natural selection' and the way he suggested it could have lead to the evolving or changing of life forms on earth over time
17. describe at least two pieces of evidence which lead Darwin to suggest his theory of evolution by natural selection.
18. explain how Darwin's theory of evolution has been modified with the advent of modern theories about genetics.
Monday, May 18, 2009
Year 10 Stock Take
The Courses
1.Physics of Motion
2. More Chemical Reactions
3. Evolution
4.Waves
5. Biology of the Future
School Certificate Exams.
We have covered Motion, Distance, Displacement, Speed, Veliocity, Force Acceleration, Newtons laws
We are completing Chemistry. We have looked at Acid Base, Formulating Salts, Word Equations, Balancing Equations
And now we are working through Decomposition, and Combustion.
Decomposition focuses breaking appart and usually takes energy
Combustion focuses on bringing chemical together an usually emmits energy.
We have seen this decompostion reation
Acid + Carbonate -> Salt + Water + Carbondioxide
looking at this in longer form this is
H+Nonmental + MetalCarbonate -> metalNonmetal + water + Carbondioxide
Balance
HCl + CaCO3 -> CaCl2 +H20 +Co2
Another decomposition reaction will be demonstrated by heating Copper (valence +2) Carbonate (valence -2)
Write up the following Prac.
1.Physics of Motion
2. More Chemical Reactions
3. Evolution
4.Waves
5. Biology of the Future
School Certificate Exams.
We have covered Motion, Distance, Displacement, Speed, Veliocity, Force Acceleration, Newtons laws
We are completing Chemistry. We have looked at Acid Base, Formulating Salts, Word Equations, Balancing Equations
And now we are working through Decomposition, and Combustion.
Decomposition focuses breaking appart and usually takes energy
Combustion focuses on bringing chemical together an usually emmits energy.
We have seen this decompostion reation
Acid + Carbonate -> Salt + Water + Carbondioxide
looking at this in longer form this is
H+Nonmental + MetalCarbonate -> metalNonmetal + water + Carbondioxide
Balance
HCl + CaCO3 -> CaCl2 +H20 +Co2
Another decomposition reaction will be demonstrated by heating Copper (valence +2) Carbonate (valence -2)
Write up the following Prac.
Monday, May 11, 2009
12 May Lesson
New learning Points
Indicators : Show pH, Universal, and Tumeric (record what they do)
Combustion is an type of Oxidation reaction. This is where a chemical gains O atoms. Corrosion is slow addition of O with water. Combustion needs heat to start, then the heat keeps is going. Detonation need sound and vibration to start and the sound and vibration generated keeps it going.
C + O2 -> CO2
Quick Revision
Motion Convert 1ms-1 to kmph
How fast is 72 kmph in ms-1?
What is the difference between Gravity and Force?
Learn Newtons three laws
N1 = with out force motion goes on
N2 = with net force a body will accelerate in the direction of the force
N3 = two bodies apply equal and opposite forces to each other
Apply N1,N2,N3 to various situations.
Chemistry
What is the Symbol for: 1) oxygen 2) neon 3) calcium
What is the name of these symbols: 1) Ba 2) Fe 3)Mg
Write the chemical formulae for 1) hydrochloric acid 2) sulphuric acid 3) nitric acid
Write the name and type of chemical for Ca(OH)2
Write the pH for 1)Lemon Juice 2) Water 3) laundry soap
Write the word equation for the addition of 1) and 2) of the last question
What is the formulae for
1) aluminum (+3) oxide (-2)
2) potassium (+1) nitrate (-1, NO3)
3) magnesium (+2) oxide (-2)
What happens when you add
1) metal + acid
2) metal + carbonate
3) acid + base
Name two indicators and how they work.
Indicators : Show pH, Universal, and Tumeric (record what they do)
Combustion is an type of Oxidation reaction. This is where a chemical gains O atoms. Corrosion is slow addition of O with water. Combustion needs heat to start, then the heat keeps is going. Detonation need sound and vibration to start and the sound and vibration generated keeps it going.
C + O2 -> CO2
Quick Revision
Motion Convert 1ms-1 to kmph
How fast is 72 kmph in ms-1?
What is the difference between Gravity and Force?
Learn Newtons three laws
N1 = with out force motion goes on
N2 = with net force a body will accelerate in the direction of the force
N3 = two bodies apply equal and opposite forces to each other
Apply N1,N2,N3 to various situations.
Chemistry
What is the Symbol for: 1) oxygen 2) neon 3) calcium
What is the name of these symbols: 1) Ba 2) Fe 3)Mg
Write the chemical formulae for 1) hydrochloric acid 2) sulphuric acid 3) nitric acid
Write the name and type of chemical for Ca(OH)2
Write the pH for 1)Lemon Juice 2) Water 3) laundry soap
Write the word equation for the addition of 1) and 2) of the last question
What is the formulae for
1) aluminum (+3) oxide (-2)
2) potassium (+1) nitrate (-1, NO3)
3) magnesium (+2) oxide (-2)
What happens when you add
1) metal + acid
2) metal + carbonate
3) acid + base
Name two indicators and how they work.
Thursday, April 30, 2009
Major Assignment and Mid Year
Major Assignment - Moodle Due Wed 6 May
You are to enter a summary of what you have done so far - and intital results.
Note the submission date of Wed 6 May.
Marks for Submission, Summary, Diary, Inital Results
The Mid Year Exam is 2 Weeks away and we have a steep learning curve in front of us.
This should now be sent as an email to your address.
You are to enter a summary of what you have done so far - and intital results.
Note the submission date of Wed 6 May.
Marks for Submission, Summary, Diary, Inital Results
The Mid Year Exam is 2 Weeks away and we have a steep learning curve in front of us.
This should now be sent as an email to your address.
Sunday, April 19, 2009
Holiday update
You will produce a report of your first experiment.
You will look at Solutes, Solvents and Solutions and how Salt pulls water molecules together.
You will look at Solutes, Solvents and Solutions and how Salt pulls water molecules together.
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Periodic Table
Review you Major Projects. You are to conduct an experiment in the Next 10 weeks and make a scientific conclusion. You need to make a hypothesis and scientifically test it with controls.
Problem topics at this stage are:
"Are we alone in the Universe?" and
"Territorial marking by Dogs"
In your books
Go to http://www.periodictable.com/ and for Groups 1,2,17 and 18
Problem topics at this stage are:
"Are we alone in the Universe?" and
"Territorial marking by Dogs"
In your books
Go to http://www.periodictable.com/ and for Groups 1,2,17 and 18
- list the elements and note colour, metal etc
- draw the 1913 style shell structure
- note the valency of the group
Google"Methane Jmol" this will give a 3D picture methane.
In your books draw this molecule, write its formula.
Google "Jmol Periodic Table" In your book as many things as you can about the relative sizes of elements.
This is an online Acid Base Lab http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=pH_Scale
Write as many observations as you can about acid, bases and different liquids.
To learn more about chemical reations use this simulation.
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Reactions_and_Rates
Thursday Lesson
For your Major Project you have to plan and conduct and experiment in the next 10 Weeks. This period I will review your Moodle submissions, for a realistic area of investigation, a hypothesis that can be tested, and a plan to conduct the experiment.
Some examples of areas of investigation that are unsuitable for a Year 10 Project.
"Are we alone in the Universe?" - as of yet there is no experiment with control to test this
"Scent marking of Dog's Territory" - there is equipment to conduct the study and control.
Use www.periodictable.com to write in your book other elements in the Group 1 (H,Li, K...)
What can you say about these elements. Draw the shell stucture of Group 1 (One electron in the outershell).
Repeat for Group 2 (Be, Mg.....)
Repeat for Group 17 (DET group 7)
Repeat for Group 18
look at Methane a compound (Google "Jmol methane")
Run the simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=pH_Scale
In your book write as much information as you can about pH scale
What the numbers mean, what are the acid and base molecules?
Run simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Reactions_and_Rates
Some examples of areas of investigation that are unsuitable for a Year 10 Project.
"Are we alone in the Universe?" - as of yet there is no experiment with control to test this
"Scent marking of Dog's Territory" - there is equipment to conduct the study and control.
Use www.periodictable.com to write in your book other elements in the Group 1 (H,Li, K...)
What can you say about these elements. Draw the shell stucture of Group 1 (One electron in the outershell).
Repeat for Group 2 (Be, Mg.....)
Repeat for Group 17 (DET group 7)
Repeat for Group 18
look at Methane a compound (Google "Jmol methane")
Run the simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=pH_Scale
In your book write as much information as you can about pH scale
What the numbers mean, what are the acid and base molecules?
Run simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Reactions_and_Rates
Thursday, March 12, 2009
Wednesday, March 4, 2009
Todays Lesson
TO Get on to Moodle EBHIGH.com -> Resources -> Moodle -> username, password
Today - we are going back to the prac
Look at the table of results
Calculate the acceleration for the bike.
Look at the Kinetic Energy
look at the stopping distance
IN Your Books
Bike speed Acceleration vxv= 2xaxd d= 20 m
Today - we are going back to the prac
Look at the table of results
Calculate the acceleration for the bike.
Look at the Kinetic Energy
look at the stopping distance
IN Your Books
Bike speed Acceleration vxv= 2xaxd d= 20 m
Monday, March 2, 2009
Monday, February 23, 2009
Use Tracker
For this Prac you will need to link to R:\Science\Yr 10 Science\Physics\tracker (Note this is inside the school).
You need to take video of something dropping or accelerating. Put it on your desktop and include in Tracker.
Then analyse and save the y, t data to an excel, and produce a displacement vs time and a velocity vs time graph in excel.
Finally upload your work to Moodle.
Wednesday, February 11, 2009
Homework
We worked through text book exercises, exploring v= d/t and how to set out maths problems.
We will have to visit the distinction between distance of a path and the displacement resulting from a journey
Homework
1) Revise for Spelling test
2) Come up with a set of "Common sense" rules for motion.
We will have to visit the distinction between distance of a path and the displacement resulting from a journey
Homework
1) Revise for Spelling test
2) Come up with a set of "Common sense" rules for motion.
Monday, February 2, 2009
Home work for Thursday
Complete write up of Ball drop experiment
Provide graph of ball speed vs diameter
Provide graph of height vs time
Plot your results and these
4mm, 1m, 1.3 s
5mm, 1m, 1 s
7mm, 1m, 0.66s
for different heights
0.5m, 0.7 s
1.0m,0.9s
tip: do not use units inside table, put them in the header.
Provide graph of ball speed vs diameter
Provide graph of height vs time
Plot your results and these
4mm, 1m, 1.3 s
5mm, 1m, 1 s
7mm, 1m, 0.66s
for different heights
0.5m, 0.7 s
1.0m,0.9s
tip: do not use units inside table, put them in the header.
Sunday, February 1, 2009
Homework
If I walk a 1meter per second, how far do I travel in a hour,
show working- explain how to convert between the kmph and mps
Use google earth to measure the distance that the cars travelled on Epping road.
Tabulate the results of the styrene ball experiment.
In this lesson chart your results of cars, and write a conclusion.
show working- explain how to convert between the kmph and mps
Use google earth to measure the distance that the cars travelled on Epping road.
Tabulate the results of the styrene ball experiment.
In this lesson chart your results of cars, and write a conclusion.
Thursday, January 29, 2009
First Lesson
Year 10
Time Frame - 3 Terms
Topics 5
1 Physics of Motion
2 More Chemical Reatcions
3 Evolution
4 Waves
5 Biology of the Future
Physics of Motion (Syllabus) - basic in School Certificate.
Outcome 5.6: A student applies models, theories and laws to situations involving energy, force and motion.
5.6.2 Newton’s Laws – motion
a) describe qualitatively the relationship between force, mass and acceleration
b) explain qualitatively the relationship between distance, speed and time
c) relate qualitatively acceleration to a change in speed and/or direction as a result of a net force
d) analyse qualitatively common situations involving motion in terms of Newton’s Laws.
5.6.6 gravitational force
a) distinguish between the terms ‘mass’ and ‘weight’.
Homework:
Question: How do you work out the speed of something? Give one example.
Time Frame - 3 Terms
Topics 5
1 Physics of Motion
2 More Chemical Reatcions
3 Evolution
4 Waves
5 Biology of the Future
Physics of Motion (Syllabus) - basic in School Certificate.
Outcome 5.6: A student applies models, theories and laws to situations involving energy, force and motion.
5.6.2 Newton’s Laws – motion
a) describe qualitatively the relationship between force, mass and acceleration
b) explain qualitatively the relationship between distance, speed and time
c) relate qualitatively acceleration to a change in speed and/or direction as a result of a net force
d) analyse qualitatively common situations involving motion in terms of Newton’s Laws.
5.6.6 gravitational force
a) distinguish between the terms ‘mass’ and ‘weight’.
Homework:
Question: How do you work out the speed of something? Give one example.
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About Me
- drhill
- I come from a Science family: My father Geoffrey Hill was Australia's first computer programmer on CSIRAC the fourth computer in the world. He is credited with invention of Computer music and the development of “Interprogram” a language before Basic. My PhD is in Atomic and Molecular Physics. I have researched the activated oxygen layer above the ozone layer, and 'Assigned' the world's smallest molecule. At the University of Toronto I researched high power UV lasers. I have specialized in automation in fibre optics. This developed into research in Machine Intellect and Robots. I have enjoyed work as an Explainer with Questacon and my time as a part-time soldier. I currently teach High School Science at Epping Boys’ High.